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N = 65,536 · Scale 250

ScalingThroughput
Log Y

PT × CT matrix multiplication

64 × 64 · Entry depth 0
NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation EditionNVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 TiNVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 WNVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 WAMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores
Throughput (tasks/s)015304560124816Batch sizeNVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 49.8NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 49.1NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 42.1NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 38.1NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 35.9NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 8.07NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 7.09NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 6.73NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 6.71NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 13.2NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 13.5NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 13.6NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 13.7NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 13.7NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 39.9NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 38.3NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 38.5NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 38.8NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 39AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 1.67AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 1.12AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 0.738AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 0.825AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 0.835
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CT × CT matrix multiplication

64 × 64 · Entry depth 0
NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation EditionNVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 TiNVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 WNVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 WAMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores
Throughput (tasks/s)08.7517.526.335124816Batch sizeNVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 28.3NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 26.3NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 22.9NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 21NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 19.7NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 4.36NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 3.9NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 3.7NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 7.33NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 7.45NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 7.53NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 7.58NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 7.6NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 21.3NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 21.2NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 21.4NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 21.6NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 21.7AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 0.918AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 0.514AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 0.494AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 0.479AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 0.494
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Nonlinear polynomial evaluation

Entry depth 0
NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation EditionNVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 TiNVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 WNVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 WAMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores
Throughput (tasks/s)010203040124816Batch sizeNVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 34NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 33.3NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 28.7NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 23.4NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 22.1NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 5.51NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 4.26NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 4.08NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 4.1NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 4.12NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 7.53NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 7.69NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 7.78NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 7.82NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 7.84NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 23.1NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 21.1NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 21.5NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 21.8NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 21.9AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 1.09AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 1.32AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 1.43AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 1.22AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 0.771

NTT

Entry depth 0
NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation EditionNVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 TiNVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 WNVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 WAMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores
Throughput (tasks/s)06,25012,50018,80025,000124816Batch sizeNVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 14,400NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 17,600NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 18,300NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 13,200NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 9,600NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 2,740NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 1,960NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 1,580NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 1,620NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 1,630NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 2,640NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 2,730NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 2,790NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 2,820NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 2,840NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 7,930NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 8,830NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 9,180NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 9,550NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 9,740AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 362AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 437AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 460AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 470AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 426
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Key switching

Entry depth 0
NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation EditionNVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 TiNVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 WNVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 WAMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores
Throughput (tasks/s)02505007501,000124816Batch sizeNVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 886NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 870NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 780NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 621NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 575NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 129NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 115NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 107NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 107NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 107NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 192NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 195NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 198NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 199NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 200NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 555NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 579NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 573NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 576NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 531AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 24.4AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 19.7AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 21.1AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 19.9AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 17.5
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RNS arithmetic

Entry depth 0
NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation EditionNVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 TiNVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 WNVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 WAMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores
Throughput (tasks/s)025,00050,00075,000100,000124816Batch sizeNVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 61,600NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 87,300NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 42,800NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 33,700NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition · 34,100NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 5,710NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 5,460NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 5,600NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 5,690NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti · 5,920NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 13,100NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 14,200NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 14,800NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 15,100NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W · 15,300NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 46,200NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 52,900NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 61,600NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 67,600NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W · 69,300AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 7,590AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 8,000AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 2,430AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 2,110AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores · 2,210
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Benchmark runs

5 runs
2026-09-07

NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell Max-Q Workstation Edition

Linux · PyTorch 2.13.0+cu130

3740 cases in original run
2026-09-08

NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti

Linux · PyTorch 2.13.0+cu130

920 cases in original run
2026-09-08

NVIDIA RTX A6000 · 300 W

Linux · PyTorch 2.13.0+cu130

920 cases in original run
2026-09-09

NVIDIA H100 NVL · 400 W

Linux · PyTorch 2.13.0+cu130

920 cases in original run
2026-09-08

AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 7975WX 32-Cores

Linux · PyTorch 2.13.0+cu130

920 cases in original run